Some Important Markers You Should Know About Cancer

 

Tablo reader up chevron

Some Important Markers You Should Know About Cancer

With the development of bioscience, biomarkers are widely used in medicine. Biomarkers are indicators that can judge the occurrence, development and prognosis of diseases. They can be used for the diagnosis and classification of diseases, monitoring the disease development and severity, testing the effect of clinical treatment, predicting an individual's risk of disease and the screening of high-risk groups. The selection of biomarkers requires strict clinical validation and the feasibility of using biomarkers in specific clinical situations. Nowadays the biomarker development has made the application gradually change from simplification to combination. The combined application of biomarkers and other detection methods is conducive to the early, rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases, thus providing a basis for clinical treatment.

Cancer is a kind of key disease threatening human healthy life. Although cancer treatment has made great progress after the efforts of scientists and clinicians, the high mortality rate is still not effectively controlled. The survival rate of cancer patients is not optimistic due to the lack of early screening and late treatment. The complicated pathogenesis, few effective screening techniques and low level of early diagnosis lead to the late discovery of cancer, which makes the severe situation of cancer prevention.

Cancer biomarkers refer to substances that are abnormally changed due to the expression of related genes of cancer cells or the reaction to tumor during the process of cancer cell generation, proliferation, metastasis or recurrence. They have been found for more than 100 years. Since the 1960s, cancer biomarkers have been widely used in clinical practice. With the development of biotechnology, a variety of new biomarkers have been found, and the specificity and sensitivity have been improved significantly. Here we will talk about five cancer biomarkers below:

1.TNFSF4

TNFSF4, a tumor necrosis factor superfamily protein, is located on chromosome 1. Its ligand, TNFRSF4, is adjacent to the TNFSF4 gene and the gene location of other TNF family molecules. In clinical hepatocellular carcinoma specimens, TNFSF4 expression was higher in the para-carcinoma than in the carcinoma. The overall direction of TNFSF4 gene in the in vitro test of liver cancer cell lines is to promote tumor growth. No matter the cell activity decreases, invasion ability decreases or apoptosis increases after knockout, the expression of TNFSF4 gene is always supported by its related protein level.

2.PTPN1

PTPN1, also known as protein tyrosine phosatase 1B (PTP1B), belongs to the protein tyrosine phosatase (PTP) family. Together with protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), PTPN1 maintains the balance of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and is involved in the signal transduction pathway of a large number of growth factors. It plays an important role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, metabolism, gene transcription and immune response. The study found that the absence of PTPN1 can delay the development and progression of breast tumors, and that specific PTPN1 inhibitors play an important role in inhibiting lung metastasis.

3.POSTN

POSTN is an extracellular matrix periosteal protein that is highly expressed in gastric cancer and plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. POSTN promotes the progression of gastric cancer mainly through the FAK/Src, Wnt, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. It is also involved in epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), maintenance of tumor stem cell function, and so on. In general, POSTN mRNA expression in gastric cancer tissues is related to the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. POSTN mRNA can be used as an independent prognostic factor of gastric cancer patients.

4.STC2

ST2 marker is a myocardial protein produced by cardiac myocytes under biomechanical stress. It is a soluble protein expressed in response to heart disease or injury, and reflects ventricular remodeling and cardiac fibrosis related to heart failure. Recent studies have shown that abnormal expression of STC2 is associated with the occurrence and development of various tumors.

5.PKM2

PKM2 is highly expressed in proliferating cells, especially tumor cells, and is usually present as a dimer in them. PKM2 levels in EDTA plasma and feces can be used as diagnostic markers for some cancers. With more and more in-depth studies on its regulatory mechanism, the important role of PKM2 in tumor metabolism and genesis makes it a new target for clinical cancer treatment, which has a broad application prospect.

Comment Log in or Join Tablo to comment on this chapter...
~

You might like savage's other books...