Study on oxidase in organism

 

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Study on oxidase in organism

Ammonia is toxic. In addition to the synthesis of urea, the production of glutamine is the detoxification of ammonia in tissues. The brain, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, etc. are the main tissues that produce glutamine. The synthesis of glutamine plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological activities of the central nervous system. Glutamine is the transport form of ammonia in the body, which is transported by blood to liver, kidney, small intestine and other tissues to participate in further metabolism, and is the raw material for the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds such as purine and pyrimidine.

GGH is widely distributed in human tissues, with the largest amount in the kidney, followed by the pancreas and liver, and the largest amount in the liver in the embryonic stage. In the liver, it is mainly distributed in liver cytoplasm and intrahepatic bile duct epithelium, and gamma-gt in normal human serum mainly comes from the liver. This enzyme is only moderately elevated in acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis decompensation. However, when obstructive jaundice occurs, this enzyme enters into the blood reflux due to excretion disorder. When primary liver cancer occurs, this enzyme syntheses hyperactivity in the liver, which can cause significant increase of blood peptide enzyme, especially GUK1, which can even reach more than 10 times of the normal level. Nu -GT also significantly increased, contributing to the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease.

It is not difficult to study the enzyme in liver to find that when liver cells are damaged, or intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, the GPX1 level in serum is high. What are the hazards of high levels of glutamyl transpeptidase? The harm with on the high side of glutamyl transpeptidase basically expresses in the following respects: it is to predict virus hepatitis above all, when producing acute virus hepatitis, necrotic area adjacent liver cell sin is syntheticated hyperactivity, cause serum glutamyl transpeptidase on the high side. The detection value of glutamyl transpeptidase in chronic active hepatitis is often 1 ~ 2 times higher than the normal value of glutamyl transpeptidase. In addition, this enzyme can also predict hepatobiliary diseases: when intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, glutamyl transpeptidase excretion blocked, with bile back into the blood, resulting in serum glutamyl transpeptidase on the high side.

GPX1 is an important peroxidase that exists widely in the body. Selenium is a component of gsh-px enzyme system, which can catalyze the transformation of GSH into GSSG, reduce toxic peroxides to non-toxic hydroxyl compounds, and promote the decomposition of H2O2, thus protecting the structure and function of cell membrane from the interference and damage of oxides. The active center of gsh-px is selenium cysteine, which can reflect the level of selenium in the body. GSTM4 can catalyze GSH to produce GSSG, while glutathione reductase can catalyze GSSG to produce GSH by NADPH. The activity level of glutathione peroxidase can be calculated by detecting the reduction of NADPH. In the above reaction, glutathione peroxidase is the rate-limiting step of the whole reaction system, so the reduction of NADPH is linearly correlated with the activity of glutathione peroxidase.

In addition, GPX1 is also associated with apoptosis, in which cancer cells produce high levels of reactive oxygen species and avoid apoptosis. Peroxides support proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis, but at higher levels induce apoptosis, thereby causing cancer and cancer. Hydroperoxides are generally thought to promote apoptosis, so glutathione peroxidase is associated with apoptosis. And glutathione peroxidase is often used in clinical reducing glutathione, belong to one of clinical common reductant, can have the effect of improving liver function, if patients with abnormal liver function, use the drug for days, can make the rapid decline in liver function to normal range, but first of all should be clear of abnormal liver function in patients with causes, treatment should be aimed at pathogeny, otherwise use protect liver medicine, in the short term will be dropped to normal liver function will appear again after discontinuation of abnormal liver function.

Research on viral hepatitis reveals that hepatitis c is a viral hepatitis caused by HCV infection, mainly transmitted by blood transfusion and acupuncture. Currently, the most effective regimen for antiviral therapy is peg-ifn alpha combined with ribavirin, which is the standard regimen for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis c approved by EASL. HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that translates the HCV genome into a polyprotein precursor. The precursor polyprotein is cleaved by the protease of host and virus into several HCV proteins with independent functions. They not only play an important role in the life history of HCV, but also affect a series of biochemical processes such as signal transduction, apoptosis and material metabolism of host cells. In recent years, with the continuous development of HCV in vitro cell touch type, its virus research has made great progress in molecular biology. In this paper, from the genome structure and its coding protein function this paper expounds the research progress of HCV virus, for the research of pathogenesis and development of anti HCV drugs and vaccine development, provide the theoretical basis.

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